BODY ODOUR: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW. | Dr. Yeibake Weriwoyingipre Silver

A prevalent occurrence that impacts people of all ages and backgrounds is "body odour or BO." The foul odour that comes from the body is mostly caused by bacteria acting on perspiration (sweat). Despite being a normal occurrence, body odour can cause discomfort for the individual as well as societal shame.

Interaction between bacteria and certain components in sweat from the apocrine and eccrine glands is the main source of body smell.   

Eccrine glands are found all over the body, and their secretion consists mainly of water and electrolytes. The clear, odourless fluid produced by the eccrine glands is in charge of controlling body temperature.

On the other hand, the apocrine glands, which are found in places like the groin, nipples and armpits, release a thicker oily fluid that is composed of sugars, proteins, and oils. These glands are involved in emotional sweating due to stress, pain and sexual stimulation. 

Bacterial action on the sweat, especially those from apocrine glands, leads to the release of volatile compounds such as ammonia, sulphurous compounds, trimethylamine, and thioalcohol, which have very strong smells.

The more compounds that are produced, the stronger the intensity of the odours. 

The risk factors for BO include poor hygiene, consumption of high amounts of spices like onions, garlic, ginger, consumption of large amounts of red meat, high protein diets, hormonal changes during puberty, illness, menstruation and menopause, specific medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), inborn errors of metabolism (genetic/hereditary), liver and kidney diseases, abuse of drugs including steroids (especially bodybuilders), antidepressants (Desipramine, Fluoxetine), opioids (Tramadol, Codeine), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Naproxen, Ketoprofen), Omeprazole, Pregabalin, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake.

Body odour is frequently associated with social connotations.  

While a bad body odour can create unfavourable perceptions, a good body scent is often linked to hygiene and social acceptance in many cultures. Personal connections, career prospects, and self-esteem may all be impacted by this. The significance of controlling this component of personal hygiene is underscored by studies that have revealed that people may experience social exclusion or prejudice due to their body smell.

Furthermore, psychological consequences, including anxiety and sadness, might result from the stigma associated with body smell. People's interactions and quality of life may suffer if they become excessively self-conscious.

Depending on the cause, body odour can be completely controlled, partially controlled, difficult to control, or not controllable. 

The following general measures are quite useful and will suffice for control in most persons:

1. Good hygiene: Frequent, thorough bathing with emphasis on washing the underarm, and pubic areas.

2. Use of antiseptic/antibacterial soap.

3. Frequent changes of clothes, where and when applicable.

4. Use of antiperspirants and deodorants.

5. Dietary adjustments.

6. Lifestyle changes include avoidance of smoking, avoidance of drug misuse/abuse, and self-medication.

When the above measures fail or the causes are suggestive of genetic/hereditary or medical conditions, patients should visit the nearest medical facility for proper evaluation and treatment.

Dr. Yeibake Weriwoyingipre Silver